Literary Criticism
Articles on Luxembourgish Literature
Every month, the Literary Archives present a unique object from our vast collections in a display case in the entrance lobby. This object can be a manuscript, a diary or even an author's private typewriter! I'm curating this part of our work, so my contributions have increased quite a bit since 2022. I adore exploring a completely new topic every few months, it's what I like best about working for the National Literary Archives!
Check out the complete series on the
Literary Archives homepage, each and every one of the objects is well worth it!
The newest articles are published every two years in our Fundstücke / Trouvailles yearbook. Here's the complete list of my contributions, with a link to the articles.
April 2024 — Rosendichter. Zehn Jahre ›Rose Dr. Nicolas Welter‹ im Park des CNL. [in German, about a rose named after the Luxembourgish poet and politician Nik Welter]
February 2024 — Die Punschschüssel des Kegelclubs La Quille. [in German, about a copper punch bowl depicting the members of the bourgeois bowling club La Quille, ca 1900]
January 2024 — Ein koboldbunter Literaturpreis. [in German, about a statuette awarded not to writers, but to people who promote and help literature in Luxembourg]
December 2023 —
De Niklés’chen von Lexi Brasseur. [in German, about a Luxembourgish Santa-Claus poem printed on a paper napkin for a charity basar in 1900]
October 2023 — T∴ C∴ F∴ Le mystérieux cube de Michel Lucius. [in French, about the geologist Michel Lucius, his work in Turkey in the early 20th century and a gift from the Freemasons]
December 2022 — Buch an Aarbechtsheft an engem. Dem Nicolas Gonner säi Privatexemplar vun »Onserer Lider a Gedichter«. [in Luxembourgish, about a 140-year-old poetry book containing additional newspaper clippings and handwritten poems]
September 2022 — »De Mëttelpunkt vum Universum«. Dem CNL seng nei Ausstellungskabinnen. [in Luxembourgish, about our archives’ latest exhibition, the topic being the 30th anniversary of the National literary award Prix Servais]
August 2022 — մի քիչ առէվ. Un livre pour enfants ayant appartenu à Rosemarie Kieffer. [in French, about an Armenian children’s book showing the literary contacts of the author Rosemarie Kieffer]
June 2022 —
Cher toi. La correspondance Tom Reisen – Frédéric Lebey. [in French, about the literary correspondance between the Luxembourgish author Tom Reisen and his friend from university, Frédéric Lebey]
December 2021 — Erhu. Sons de vieille tristesse. Jules Lefort et sa passion pour la musique chinoise. [in French, about Jules Lefort's travels to China]
September 2020 — Eine Hochzeitszeitung im Nachkriegsluxemburg. [in German, about a private "wedding newspaper" from 1945]
July 2018 — Ein russischer Passierschein aus René Traufflers Nachlass. In: Fundstücke / Trouvailles 2018/2019. p. 268-269. [in German, about a Luxembourgish soldier's way back to Luxembourg at the end of World War II]
December 2016 — E kuerze Bléck op d'Kuren an der Lëtzebuerger Literatur. In: Fundstücke / Trouvailles 2016/2017. p. 282-283. [in Luxembourgish, about the pitfalls of going to a spa, as described in Luxembourg literature]
December 2015 — Um die Einsamkeit. Die Gedanken eines Luxemburger Geologen in Anatolien. In: Fundstücke / Trouvailles 2014/2015. p. 258-259. [in German, about a Luxembourgish geologist's thoughts in Eastern Anatolia, in the early 20th century]
March 2015 — Batty Webers Theaterstück 'Der Lasso'. Die Wiederauffindung des verschollenen Originals. In: Fundstücke / Trouvailles 2014/2015. p. 240-241. [in German, about a lost theatre play by famous Luxembourg playwright Batty Weber]
February 2014 — L'album de poésie de Rosemarie Kieffer. In: Fundstücke / Trouvailles 2014/2015. p 214-215. [in French, about the Luxembourg poetess Rosemarie Kieffer's autograph book during her school years in the 1940s]
February 2013 — Lichtreklamen von Joseph-Emile Muller. In: Fundstücke / Trouvailles 2012/2013. p 196-197. [in German, about a poem by Luxembourg art critic J.-E. Muller, which he wrote in his youth]
Short Articles on Literature in Luxembourg
Since 2015, the Literary Archives has a column in the monthly Die Warte, the cultural supplement of the largest Luxembourg newspaper Luxemburger Wort. Once or twice a year, I contribute with an article about our collections.
Der Wunsch nach Heimat und Geborgenheit. In: Die Warte 17.09.2020. The article presents some early writings of the future journalist, radioman and literary magazine editor Nic Weber. In poems and diary entries, the highschool student muses about life in occupied, war-torn Luxembourg, the plight of his older schoolmates forced to enrol against their will in the enemy forces and the tragic death of his mother.
Eigenverantwortung und Solidarität. [On the life of Nik Klecker] In: Die Warte. 05.12.2019. p 2-3. Nik Klecker was a remarkable person: A dedicated French teacher and gifted poet, he helped found the Luxembourg section of Amnesty International and got Luxembourg's first Family Planning agency off the ground. As I was beginning to sort through his manuscripts which the family had given to our archives, I felt it was a good idea to introduce the readers of the
Warte to his life work.
Die Gefahr des Fortwurstelns. Romanfragmente und Notizen aus dem Nachlass von Fernand Karier. In: Die Warte. 14.09.2017. p 2-3. Our archives had just received the manuscripts of Fernand Karier, a young author who died much too young in a car accident in 1967. The manuscripts revealed the struggles of the young student, away from home at university, trying to put pen to paper and order his melancholic, philosophical thoughts. It felt like a very private, intimate discovery, so I decided to write an article and tell the world about it.
***
Since 2003, I've made regular contributions on Luxembourgish literature in the regional magazine Am Äischdall, which changed its name to Regioun Lëtzebuerg West in 2008. I wrote the articles in Luxembourgish, German or French, depending on the main language of the author treated. Since 2008, all articles in the magazine are in German, with a translation in French.
D'Meedche vu Götzen. In: Regioun Lëtzebuerg West 8 (Autumn 2011) p 26-27. [in German, French translation by Marc Angel. About the re-edition of the theatre play "D'Meedche vu Götzen" by Max Goergen].
To see the accompanying poem and book cover, click
here.
Luxemburger Wichtelsagen in den USA. In: Regioun Lëtzebuerg West 3 (Spring 2010) p 17-18. [in German, French translation by Marc Angel. About the poetry collection
Prairieblummen].
To read part two of the article, click
here.
To read part two of the article, click
here.
Yolanda und der Codex Mariendalensis. In: Regioun Lëtzebuerg West 1 (Summer 2009) p 30-32. [in German, French translation by Marc Angel. About a Medieval manuscript in an old Luxembourgish dialect].
To read part two of the article, click
here.
Von Morden und Dorfintrigen. Twin Peaks im Eischtal. In: Am Äischdall 3 (Aug. 2005) p 4. [in German, about a novel by Luxembourgish writer Anita Kayser]
Abend mit Goldrand. Garnich in einem Meisterwerk der deutschen Literatur. In: Am Äischdall 2 (June 2004) p 4. [in German, about the German writer Arno Schmidt]
De Pir Kremer. In: Am Äischdall 1 (March 2004) p 4. [in Luxembourgish, about the Luxembourgish satirist Pir Kremer]
***
Between 2009 and 2011, I had a column on contemporary Luxembourgish literature ("Neues aus Luxemburg") in the literary journal Die neueste Melusine, edited by the Literarische Gesellschaft Saar-Lor-Lux-Elsass in Saarbrücken. The column was in German.
To read part two of the article, click
here.
***
In early 2008, I attended a conference on author's rights. The event was surreal, with the self-appointed "Luxembourg organisation for reproduction rights" - Luxorr for short - catering unashamedly for the needs of big corporations. The largest part of the conference consisted of telling the business leaders how to secure for themselves their employees' author's rights. Disgusted with Luxorr's hypocritical attitude, I felt compelled to write my first (and hopefully last) reader's article. I submitted it to several newspapers and the weekly Woxx was kind enough to publish it. My article doesn't change how copyrights and patents are used against the very people they claim to protect, namely the artists and the dissemination of their work. But as long as there still are new and delightfully creative videos on YouTube every day, I'll smile and enjoy.
Reeditions of Luxembourgish Classics
Working as a literary researcher at the Centre national de littérature, I've published two commented and annotated reeditions of Luxembourgish classic works.
Marie-Louise Tidick-Ulveling: Im Zeichen der Flamme. Vorgestellt und kommentiert von Sandra Schmit. Mersch: Centre national de littérature, 2010. ISBN 978-2-919903-18-4. 214 p.
Im Zeichen der Flamme [In the sign of the flame] is a novel about the witch hunts in Luxembourg during the Thirty Years' War. In the early 17th century, some of the worst witch hunts in Europe took place in the region around Luxembourg and Trier. Marie-Louise Tidick-Ulveling recounts this dark era of Luxembourgish history in her novel, which was written in German in 1961. At the same time, the novel takes a critical view of life in early 20th century Luxembourg. Inspired by works such as Arthur Miller's The Crucible, she discusses religious and political fanaticism, wide-spread superstition and a lack of courage and empathy among the powerful. Fifty years after it was written, the problems discussed in the novel have not lost any of their topicality.
The commentary, in German, gives an introduction to the life of the author and to the social and political reality of Luxembourg in the early 20th century. Here you can read an
excerpt from the commentary. The book costs €15 and can be purchased in our
online shop.
Nicolas Gonner: Prairieblummen. Eng Sammlonk fu Lidder a Gedichter an onserer letzebuergerdeitscher Sprôch. Virgestallt a kommentéiert vum Sandra Schmit. Mersch: Centre national de littérature, 2008. ISBN 978-2-919903-10-8. 292 p.
In the 19th century, Luxembourg was a poor country and many people left to seek their fortune in America. Prairieblummen [Prairie flowers] is a poetry collection in the Luxembourgish language, which was published in 1883 in Dubuque, Iowa, by three Luxembourgish emigrants, namely Nicolas Gonner, Nicolas Becker and Jean-Baptiste Nau. The poems deal with such varied topics as religion, every-day life, the emigrants' longing for home as well as legends and tales from Luxembourg and abroad.
The commentary, in German, gives an introduction to the life and culture of the Luxembourgish diaspora in the United States during the late 19th century. Here you can read an
excerpt from the commentary. And this is the
script of the lecture which I gave in 2008 about the book. [so far, unfortunately only in Luxembourgish]. The book costs €15 and can be purchased in our
online shop.
During my research for the book, the Luxembourg American Cultural Society helped me with original pictures and information about the local lore. There is a lot of interest in these poems among the Luxembourg-American community, though hardly any of them still speak the language of their ancestors. So I tried to repay their kindness by translating the poems into English. You can read them on my
Prairie Flowers page. And the English version of the poetry book, including a lengthy commentary with a lot of background information is now also available in book form! It costs €15 and can be purchased in our
online shop.
The topic of Luxembourg emigration to the US keeps generating interest, both in Luxembourg and the US. In 2015, the Roots and Leaves Assocation published a book on the subject, and they asked me to contribute, once again, with an article on Gonner and his friends. I was happy to oblige. Below you find the reference for their book, and you can read my article (in English)
here.
Sandra Schmit: A wat e Letzebuerger ass, dee wäert seng Sprooch och schwätzen. Early Luxembourg Emigration Literature in the United States of America. In: Roots and Leaves Association (Ed.): Luxembourg — America. 19th, 20th an 21st centuries. Luxembourg: Brain More, 2015. ISBN 978-99959-941-0-5. p 156-162.
Literature from Luxembourg in English – A Short Introduction. In: Fundstücke / Trouvailles 2016/2017. Mersch: Centre national de littérature, 2018. p 252-257. ISBN 978-2-919903-65-8.
In June 2017 I attended the interdisciplinary conference
Mapping English in Luxembourg organised at the University of Luxembourg in Esch/Belval. I contributed with an article on the English-speaking literature in Luxembourg, the first comprehensive study of that part of our national literary heritage. The following year, the papers of all the participants were published in the yearbook of our Literary Archives. You can read mine
here and view the full list of participants
here.
Fernand Karier tragically died in a car accident in 1967 when he was only 33 years old, leaving behind a wife and four young children. For several years, the young teacher had been actively engaged in the blossoming literary scene around Cornel Meder in Luxembourg's south. In 2018, the Literary Archives in Mersch received Karier's manuscripts from his son, the famous actor Steve Karier.
Cataloguing this unpublished literary legacy led to a series of three articles. In September 2018, I presented a short summary of the archives in the
Warte, which you can read
here. The various manuscripts revealed the struggles of the young student, away from home at university, trying to put pen to paper and structure his melancholic, philosophical thoughts into a novel. This novel, which sadly never saw the day, is the subject of my article in the literary magazine
Galerie. You can read it
here.
Shortly thereafter, I discovered a whole collection of unpublished poems from the author's student years which I had failed to notice before. This resulted to a third paper, in the
Cahiers luxembourgeois, which you can read
here in its entirety. Finally, the research led to an interview on radio station 100.7, which you can listen to by clicking on the
link.
Hiermit bestimme ich... Wie Schriftsteller-Testamente die Arbeit in Literaturarchiven beeinflussen. In: Les archives et la protection des données personnelles. Les clivages entre législation, recherche et travail archivistique. Actes de la 4e Journée des archivistes luxembourgeois 2014. Luxembourg: Archives nationales, 2015. ISBN 978-2-919773-13-8. p 103-109.
This is an article about the Luxembourgish author and literary critic Rosemarie Kieffer. It takes an appraising look at her last will concerning her correspondence and manuscripts. This leads to a discussion about the responsibility of archives to both preserve an author's legacy and respect their wishes of privacy and "the right to be forgotten". The text was originally presented in Luxembourgish at the 4th Luxembourg Archivists' Day in Luxembourg City. You can look at the
pictures from the Archivists' Day and read the
German text in its entirety.
Le fonds L-57 Rosemarie Kieffer. In: Fundstücke / Trouvailles. Mersch: Centre national de littérature, 2014. ISSN 2354-5194. p 242-243.
This text was published in the first biennial journal of the Luxembourg Literary Archives. It explains how our archives obtained some of the papers of the late Luxembourgish writer Rosemarie Kieffer. As well as an introduction to the author's work, I present some interesting personal belongings from her Nachlass. You can read the article
here.
Luxemburgische Literatur im Amerika des 19. Jahrhunderts. In: Luxemburgistik im Spannungsfeld von Mehrsprachigkeit, Regionalität, Nationalität und Internationalität. Frankfurt a.M.: P. Lang, 2012. p 127-131.
In 2010, I presented a paper on Luxembourgish literature in 19th century America at the IVG Internationaler Germanistenkongress in Warsaw, Poland. It was basically a short synopsis of my research into the three Luxembourg-American authors of the poetry book
Prairieblummen. You can read the article here
(1)
(2)
(3) and have a look at the pictures of me in Poland
here.
Der Ferge. Fehlgeburt einer luxemburgischen Literaturzeitschrift. In: Aufbrüche und Vermittlungen. Beiträge zur Luxemburger und europäischen Literatur- und Kulturgeschichte. Bielefeld: Aisthesis, 2010. ISBN 978-3-89528-824-1. p 557-574.
This is an article about a Luxembourgish literary journal that was lovingly planned, but never published. The would-be editor was an eager young student called Joseph-Emile Muller, who later became a reknowned art critic. In 1929, he took up contact with a lot of young German authors, some of whom would later become quite well-known, like Günter Eich, Martin Raschke and Fritz Diettrich. Muller's ambitions were great, but inexperience, financial obstacles and the economic depression of the early 1930s prevented the birth of his brainchild. The correspondance between the authors gives interesting insights into the Luxembourgish and German literary scene in the late 1920s.
Luxemburger Autorenlexikon
Luxemburger Autorenlexikon. Hrsg. von Germaine Goetzinger und Claude D. Conter, zusammen mit Gast Mannes, Pierre Marson, Roger Muller, Nicole Sahl, Sandra Schmit und Frank Wilhelm. Mersch: Centre national de littérature, 2007. ISBN 978-2-919903-06-1. 687 p. [in German]
Dictionnaire des auteurs luxembourgeois. Edité par Germaine Goetzinger et Claude D. Conter en collaboration avec Gast Mannes, Pierre Marson, Roger Muller, Nicole Sahl, Sandra Schmit et Frank Wilhelm. Mersch: Centre national de littérature, 2010. ISBN 978-2-919903-20-7. 697 p. [in French]
After almost ten years of work, the Centre national de littérature published in 2007 the first comprehensive lexicon detailing the biography and bibliography of every Luxembourgish literary writer since 1815. Two years later, a French edition of the book was released. Both volumes have quickly become standard reference books for researchers and the general public alike.
Since 2011, a regularly updated
online-version is available in both German and French.
Die Hochöfen sind verstummt. Rote Träume und Teufelsfratzen: Esch im literarischen Wandel. In: 100 Joer Esch 1906-2006. Luxembourg: Binsfeld, 2005. ISBN 2-87954-149-2. p 214-225.
This article, in German, gives an overview of the literary life in the second largest town of Luxembourg, Esch/Alzette. The anthology in which it appeared was published in 2006, in honour of the centenary of the industrial town. Here you can read the
article in its entirety [without pictures], or click here to view an
excerpt from the book. This was the first time I was mentioned
in the Luxembourgish press, and it wasn't in a very flattering way. I guess that's what happens when you have a tiff with a satirist. I was dead chuffed about it nevertheless.
Exhibition Catalogues
At my workplace, the Luxembourg National Literary Archives, we are regularly mounting interesting exhibitions on all things both literary and Luxembourgish. Since 2012, I have co-curated several exhibitions and their accompanying catalogues.
Luxemburg und der Zweite Weltkrieg. Literarisch-intellektuelles Leben zwischen Machtergreifung und Epuration. Katalog: Claude D. Conter, Daniela Lieb, Marc Limpach, Sandra Schmit, Jeff Schmitz und Josiane Weber. Ausstellung: August 2020 - Juli 2021. Mersch: Centre national de littérature, 2020. ISBN 978-2-919903-88-7. 592 p.
The CNL's latest exhibition takes a detailed look at the intellectual and literary life in Luxembourg during the the 1930s and 1940s. The topics range from the ideological battles between the Luxembourgish thinkers of the left and right after Hitler's rise to power in Germany to literary and cultural life in Luxembourg during the German occupation 1941-1944 and the writings of those that opposed the Nazi occupants and were sent to camps back in the Reich. I signed responsible for two of the nine chapters in the catalogue: Literature in and on the concentration camps, and the poems and texts of the young Luxembourgers forced to serve as Wehrmacht soldiers on the Eastern front.
In September 2019, I attended an international convention, organized by Stefan Pabst from the University of Jena, on European literature about the concentration camp Buchenwald. The conference proceedings were published in late 2022, I contributed with a presentation of the KZ in Luxembourg literature in the late 1940.
Sandra Schmit: Buchenwald Concentration Camp in Post-War Literature from Luxemburg. In: Stephan Pabst (Hrsg.): Buchenwald. Zur europäischen Textgeschichte eines Konzentrationslagers. DeGruyter, 2022. ISBN 978-3-11-077011-7. pp 83-112.
Sandra Schmit: De la Mouselsbrauerei à Moscou : l'aventure soviétique de Jules Lefort. In: Claude D. Conter (Ed.): Aufbewahrt! : literarisches Leben in Selbstzeugnissen, Dokumenten und Objekten / À Conserver! : témoignages, documents et objets de la vie littéraire. Mersch: Centre national de littérature, 2017. ISBN 978-2-919903-57-3. p 226-243.
This exhibition showcased objects from our archives that bring an author's works and thoughts to life. I collaborated with an introduction to Jules Leffort's travel literature, complete with souvenirs from Russia, like a statue and samovar, gifts from Russian authors to their Luxembourgish friend. The former director of the Mouselsbrauerei (the most famous beer brewery in Luxembourg) was one of the first Luxembourgers to visit Russia in the 1930s and to write about it. It made for very interesting reading and got me to dream about one day exploring Russia in greater detail, too. You can read the article
here.
Sandra Schmit: Literarische Familienpolitik. Emil Schaus und sein "Traum vom Kinde". In: Claude D. Conter (Ed.): Korrekturspuren. Textmetamorphosen = Traces de correction. Textes en métamorphose. Mersch: Centre national de littérature, 2015. ISBN 978-2-919903-43-6. p 188-209.
This catalogue retraces the evolution of a text from rough sketch to manuscript to published book. The exhibition was shown in the Literary Archives from 15.10.2015 to 30.09.2016. If you would like to buy a copy of the lavishly illustrated book, you can do so in our
online shop.
I contributed with a detailed study on Emile Schaus' novel
Lisa Timesch, explaining why it took the author 40 years (from 1939 to 1979) to complete this work. The article is in German, and you can read it
here. Otherwise, you might also like to have a look at the pictures from our opening night
here.
Die Widmung. Von der Vielfalt handschriftlicher und gedruckter Widmungen in Büchern / La dédicace. De la diversité des envois et dédicaces dans les livres. Mersch: Centre national de littérature, 2013. ISBN 978-2-919903-36-8. 255 p.
This richly illustrated book accompanies the exhibition Widmungsbücher / Livres dédicacés, shown at the Centre national de littérature from 29 November 2013 until 2 May 2014. 37 articles in German or French introduce the reader to as many books dedicated by their authors to friends or acquaintances. Twenty-two Luxembourgish literary researchers contributed to the book, which spans the breadth of Luxembourgish literature, from a 1856 theatre play by Edmond de la Fontaine to a 1997 poetry book by José Ensch.
I contributed two articles on a novel by
Cingiz Aitmatov, dedicated to Rosemarie Kieffer, and on a book by
Fernand Hoffmann containing a mysterious Latin dedication to someone called Toto. To see an excerpt from the book, click
here. To read the two articles in their entirety, click on the name of the respective author above. The articles are both in German. The book costs €35 and can be purchased in our
online shop.
Satirische Literatur in Luxemburg. Vum Eilespill an anere Kregéiler. Katalog: Claude D. Conter, Sandra Schmit, Pascal Seil. Ausstellung: 24.05.2012 - 25.01.2013. Mersch: Centre national de littérature, 2012. ISBN 978-2-919903-27-6. 251 p.
The exhibition catalogue, written in German, takes a look at 170 years of literary satire in Luxembourg. To guide the reader through the vast corpus of texts available, the curators have focussed on four important topics of the genre, namely the Church, the monarchy, society in general and politics. In the first four chapters, these themes are discussed by means of several exemplary texts each: Edmond de la Fontaine's poem RoRoRo about a memorable exorcism from 1842, Norbert Jacques' novel Die Limmburger Flöte (1929), in which the protagonist makes an art out of farting the national anthem, Roger Manderscheid's controversial TV documentary Stille Tage in Luxemburg (1972) or the political cabaret D'Huwwelbänk, who in 1974 managed to influence the national elections, to name only a few. The last chapter analyses the rhetorical figures and literary traditions which are common to such different works as 19th-century political poems, 1920s cabaret songs and modern-day blogs.
The catalogue contains five lengthy articles as well as exhaustive descriptions of all the exhibits, many of them pictured. Click
here to read an excerpt from the chapter on church satire or have a look at some
exhibits. The catalogue costs €25 and can be purchased in our
online shop.
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